Geotechnical engineers harness a critical role in recognizing subsurface voids, which incur significant challenges to the stability and efficacy of structures. These hidden cavities can originate from various reasons, such as geological formations, degradation, or human interventions. Employing a s

Subsurface voids pose significant concerns to geotechnical design. Accurately locating these voids is essential for ensuring the security of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be laborious and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical

Geotechnical exploration techniques are crucial for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These voids can significantly impact the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and landforms. A variety of ground-based exploration methods are employed to identify cavities and voids. Th

Geophysical exploration plays a crucial role in the identification and assessment of potential mineral resources. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to localize subsurface structures and signatures indicative of mineral richness. These geophy